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MLA Research & Style Manual
Citing Traditional Resources |
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The following formats and examples are offered as models for the "Works-Cited section
(bibliography) of a research paper. They are based on the MLA Style Manual, Sixth Edition.
To see the online guidelines presented at the MLA Web site, visit
www.mla.org. Follow the prompts to "MLA Style" and "Frequently Asked Questions."
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BOOKS BY ONE AUTHOR Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Bantam, 1951. |
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TWO OR MORE BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR Hoobler, Dorothy. Latin America: Tradition and Change. New York: Longman Publishing Group, 1991. --- Mandella: The Man, The Struggle, The Truimph. New York: Watts, 1992. |
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BOOKS BY TWO OR THREE AUTHORS Brown, Nathan, and Sheryle A. Proper. The Everything Paying for College Book. Avon: Adams, 2005. |
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BOOKS BY THREE OR MORE AUTHORS Gilman, Sandra, et. Al. Hysteria Beyond Freud. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. If there are more than three authors, you may list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (the abbreviation for the Latin phrase "and others") in place of the other authors' names, or you may list all the authors in the order in which their names appear on the title page. |
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NO AUTHOR Cultural Revolution in China. New York: Scribner, 1967. |
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BOOKS BY CORPORATE AUTHORS Commission on the Arts. The Arts in Spanish Life. Madrid: U. of Madrid, 1980. |
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BOOK WITH AN EDITOR INSTEAD OF AUTHOR Thackery, Frank W. and John F. Findling, ed. Events That Changed The World In The Twentieth Century. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1995. |
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BOOK WITH AN AUTHOR AND AN EDITOR Michelangelo, Buonarroti. I, Michelangelo Sculptor: an Autobiography through Letters. Ed. Stone, Irving and Jean Stone. Garden City: Doubleday, 1962. |
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ANTHOLOGY, COLLECTION OR COMPILATION Jackson, Raymond, ed. Poets and Thieves. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1982. |
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WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY, SIGNED EXERPT Tyler, Anne. "Still Just Writing." The Writer on Her Work. Ed. Janet Sternburg. New York: Norton, 1980. 3-16. Author of the work being cited. "Title of the work." Title of the Anthology. Editor(s) of the Anthology. Place of Publication: Publishing Company, Copyright Date. Pages. |
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MULTIVOLUME ANTHOLOGY, SIGNED EXERPT Hayne, Alice Smith. "John Ciardi." American Poets Since World War II. Ed. Donald Greiner. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1980. 8: 125-132. Author of the work being cited. "Title of the work." Title of the original source. Editor(s) of the Anthology. Title of the Anthology. Place of Publication: Publishing Company, Copyright Date. Pages. |
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BOOK REVIEW Dobrez, Cindy. Rev. of Extraordinary Essays by Tamara Orr. Booklist 1 Feb. 2006: 42 |
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BOOK, INTRODUCTION, PREFACE, FORWARD OR AFTERWARD Cronkite, Walter. Preface. 1984. By George Orwell. New York: Signet Classic, 1983. |
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ENCYCLOPEDIA/REFERENCE BOOK ARTICLE, SIGNED Ashley, Maurice. "Charles II." Encyclopedia Americana, 1993 ed. Volume and page numbers not necessary if articles are arranged alphabetically. |
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ENCYCLOPEDIA/REFERENCE BOOK ARTICLE, UNSIGNED "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader." Who's Who in America. 56th ed. 2002. |
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REFERENCE BOOK ARTICLE WITH EDITOR OR COMPILER Benet, William Rose, ed. "Recessional." Reader's Encyclopedia. New York: Crowell, 1965. |
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ARTICLE FROM A MONTHLY MAGAZINE Ramsey, Pamela. "Where's My Smiley Face?" MacWorld. Sept. 1997: 86-94. |
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ARTICLE FROM A WEEKLY OR BI-WEEKLY MAGAZINE Henry, Mary Ann. "Announcing Bus Changes With Flair." Time. 4 July 1991: 75-76. When citing the date, list day before month; use a three-letter abbreviation of the month (e.g. Jan., Mar., Aug.). |
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ARTICLE FROM A JOURNAL WITH CONTINUOUS PAGINATION Skater, Andrew. "Rollerblading on a Secondary Level." Secondary Education 54 (1990): 113-125. |
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NEWSPAPER ARTICLE • Jones, Carol. "Striking a Pose." New York Times 15 Oct. 1997, late ed.: sec. 1: 35+. • Smith, Bob. "Schools Losing Ground." USA Today 5 May 2001: 5D. Author. "Title of article." Title of Newspaper Date of Newspaper, edition: section: page. Note: Newspaper titles are NOT followed by periods. If there is more than one edition available for that date (as in an early and late edition of a newspaper), identify the edition following the date (e.g. 17 May 1987, late ed.). |
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GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice. Second Chance: Giving Kids A Chance To Make A Better Choice. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 2000. |
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RADIO AND TELEVISION PROGRAMS The Last Voyage. Narr. Jacques Cousteau. Writ. and prod. Jacques Cousteau. PBS Special. WHYY, Philadelphia. 17 January 1972. |
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SOUND RECORDING • G. Kenny.Forever in Love. Arista Records, 1992. • Inglesias, Enrique. "Hero." By Enrique Inglesias. Escape. Interscope Records, 2001. • Seinfeld, Jerry. Stand-Up Comedy from Seinfeld, Seasons 1-6. CD. Castlerock Entertainment, 1993. Composer, Conductor or Performer. Title of Recording or Title of Work. Artist or Artists, Medium (CD, Audiocassette, etc.). Manufacturer, Year of Issue. |
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MUSICAL COMPOSITION Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Symphony. No. 40 K.550. |
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FILM OR FILM CLIP The Picture of Dorian Gray. Dir. Albert Lewin. Perf. George Sanders and Donna Reed. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1972. |
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VIDEOCASSETTE/DIGITAL VIDEODISC • Billy Budd. Dir. Peter Ustinov. 1962 Videocassette. Key Video, 1985. • It's a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stuart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore, and Thomas Mitchell. 1946. DVD. Republic. 2001. |
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DOCUMENTARY OR VIDEO OR DVD "Lindbergh: The Evidence Revealed." American Justice. Host Bill Curtis. 1994. Videocassette. A&E Home Video, 1998. (1994 is the date that the program was broadcast, 1998 is the date the Video/DVD was released) |
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PAINTING, SCULPTURE, PHOTOGRAPH Raphael. God The Father. Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbia. Raphael From Urbino to Rome by Chapman, Hugo, Tom Henry and Carol Plazzotta. London:National Gallery Company, 2004. Artist's name. Title of painting of institution that houses work (e.g. museum). Complete publication information for the source in which the photograph appears (Title. Author. Place of Publication: Publishing Company, Date. Page. Plate number. etc.) |
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INTERVIEW • Breslin, Jimmy. Interview with Neal Conan. Talk of the Nation. National Public Radio. WBUR, Boston. 26 March 2002. • Taylor, Lawrence, Personal Interview. 28 Aug. 1994. |
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MAP OR CHART New York. Map. Chicago: Rand 2005. |
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CARTOON OR COMIC STRIP Handlesman, Walt. Cartoon. Newsday. 17 Feb. 2006. 44A. |
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ADVERTISEMENTS Obsession for Men by Calvin Klein. Advertisement. Details.Apr.1998:27. Name of Product, Company or Institution that is the subject of advertisement. Descriptive label. Publishing Information (Name of source. Date: page.) |
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